Portugal capital gains tax calculator: securities and crypto

Sale proceeds minus what the asset cost you, minus the costs of buying and selling and any improvements. Then the holding rules decide what that gain pays: securities held up to 2 whole years 28% of the whole gain, longer holdings 28% after a 10/20/30% exclusion, crypto held 365 days or more nothing at all, property always half the gain aggregated at your IRS scale.

Securities, since 2024, in whole anniversary years: the 2/5/8-year bands turn on how many full years the holding ran, so exactly 2 years (even 731 days across a leap day) is still the 28% band, and only the day after the second anniversary starts the 10% exclusion; exactly 5 years lands the 20% and exactly 8 years the 30%. Each FIFO parcel is tested on its own acquisition date. Crypto is counted in days, purchase day excluded, and its exemption line is 365 days to the day: a sale at exactly 365 days is exempt.

Since 1 January 2024 it is gone for listed securities: holding-period exclusions at the 28% autonomous rate took over, 10% of the gain excluded over 2 and under 5 years (25.2% effective), 20% at 5 or more and under 8 years (22.4%), 30% at 8 years or more (19.6%). A 50% exclusion survives for non-listed shares of micro and small companies with no holding-period condition at all, an effective 14% you opt into per sale. Returns for 2022 and 2023 still run under the old rule: half the gain excluded whenever the shares were held more than 365 days.

Yes. Gains on crypto held for 365 days or more are fully exempt (CIRS art. 10 n. 22 reads igual ou superior a 365 dias, so a sale at exactly 365 days is exempt). Held less than 365 days, the whole gain pays the 28% autonomous rate with no halving. The regime dates from 1 January 2023 (Lei 24-D/2022): crypto sold in 2022 was not taxable at all. Crypto-to-crypto swaps are not taxable disposals.

There is no 28% flat election for residents: 50% of the gain is mandatorily aggregated and taxed at the progressive IRS scale (12.5 to 48% in 2026), stacked on your other income, which is why the calculator asks for it whenever a property sale is in the return. Reinvesting the proceeds in a permanent own residence within 24 months before or 36 months after the sale can exclude the gain; the calculator does not compute that relief.

Securities gains pay a 28% autonomous rate (englobamento optional in general, MANDATORY where securities were held under 365 days AND total taxable income reaches the top bracket, CIRS art. 72 n. 14; EUR 86,634 in 2026). Source: https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/pt/informacao_fiscal/codigos_tributarios/cirs_rep/Pages/irs72.aspx

Since 1 January 2024 the pre-2024 rule (50% of the gain excluded for securities held over 365 days) is replaced by holding-period exclusions counted in whole anniversary YEARS (CIRS art. 43 n. 5): held more than 2 and under 5 years 10% of the gain excluded (effective 25.2% at 28%); 5 or more and under 8 years 20% excluded (22.4%); 8 years or more 30% excluded (19.6%). Exactly 2 years is not more than 2 years, so it stays in the 28% band. A 50% exclusion (effective 14%) applies to non-listed shares of micro and small companies with no holding-period condition (CIRS art. 43 n. 3). Source: https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/pt/informacao_fiscal/codigos_tributarios/cirs_rep/Pages/irs43.aspx

Crypto held less than 365 days: 28% on the whole gain; held 365 days or more (igual ou superior a 365 dias): exempt outright (CIRS art. 10 n. 22, current numbering; crypto-to-crypto swaps, n. 23, are not taxable). The regime dates from 1 January 2023 (Lei 24-D/2022); 2022 crypto disposals were not taxable. Source: http://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/pt/informacao_fiscal/codigos_tributarios/cirs_rep/Pages/irs10.aspx

Real property: 50% of the gain is mandatorily aggregated and taxed at the progressive IRS scale (CIRS art. 43 n. 2 b); there is no 28% flat election for residents. Reinvestment in a permanent own residence within 24 months before or 36 months after the sale can exclude the gain (not modelled). The calculator applies the progressive scale to 50% of the gain.

Losses: securities with securities (5-year carryforward), crypto with crypto (5-year), property with property; cross-offsets are not allowed. Loss deduction generally requires englobamento.

OE 2026 left the capital-gain rates unchanged.