Nigeria capital gains tax calculator: flat rate to 2025, income bands from 2026

It depends on the disposal date. To 31 December 2025 the Capital Gains Tax Act taxes an individual's chargeable gains at a flat 10%. From 1 January 2026 the Nigeria Tax Act 2025 adds chargeable gains to total income and taxes them on the Fourth Schedule bands: 0% on the first NGN 800,000, then 15%, 18%, 21%, 23% and 25% at the top.

A Nigerian-company share disposal is exempt where the aggregate proceeds are under NGN 100,000,000 in any 12 consecutive months to 2025. From 2026 the exemption is conjunctive: proceeds under NGN 150,000,000 AND a chargeable gain not exceeding NGN 10,000,000. Reinvesting the proceeds in Nigerian-company shares in the same year qualifies too, with tax accruing proportionately on the part not reinvested.

From 1 January 2026 digital and virtual assets are expressly chargeable wherever they are situated, and a resident individual's gains are taxed at the personal income tax bands. The NRS circular on virtual assets adds a 1% withholding on gross disposal proceeds for certain categories, 1.5% stamp duty on token-to-fiat transfers, and ring-fences virtual-asset losses, which carry forward indefinitely against virtual-asset gains only. For 2021 to 2025 there was no express crypto rule; the calculator taxes crypto under the CGTA's incorporeal property wording.

Regime change: the Nigeria Tax Act, 2025 (Act No. 7 of 2025, gazetted 26 June 2025) commences on 1 January 2026 (s.203: 'shall come into effect on the first day of January, 2026') and s.196 repeals the Capital Gains Tax Act from that date. The year of assessment remains 1 January to 31 December (s.202). A disposal dated on or after 1 January 2026 is governed by this Act; an earlier disposal by the CGTA. This record covers 2026. Sources: https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf

Rate: an individual's chargeable gains are part of total income (NTA s.28(2)(a)(v): 'chargeable gains from the disposal of chargeable assets') and are taxed on the Fourth Schedule bands (s.58): first NGN 800,000 at 0%; next NGN 2,200,000 at 15%; next NGN 9,000,000 at 18%; next NGN 13,000,000 at 21%; next NGN 25,000,000 at 23%; above NGN 50,000,000 at 25%. The flat 10% capital gains rate of the CGTA ends. For companies the NTA instead sets 0% for a small company and 30% for any other (s.56). Source: https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf

Chargeable assets and digital assets: NTA s.34(1) charges 'any form of asset, shares, options, rights, debts, digital or virtual assets and incorporeal property generally', and the gain is chargeable whether the asset is situated in Nigeria or not; s.46(n) situates incorporeal property including digital assets in Nigeria where the person holding direct or indirect beneficial ownership, control or interest is resident in Nigeria or has a permanent establishment here to which the property is connected. Source: https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf

Nigerian-company share exemption: NTA s.34(1)(a) proviso — gains on shares in any Nigerian company are not chargeable where (i) the disposal proceeds in aggregate are LESS THAN NGN 150,000,000 AND the chargeable gain does NOT EXCEED NGN 10,000,000 in any 12 consecutive months (a conjunctive test: NGN 150,000,000 exactly fails, NGN 10,000,000 exactly passes), (ii) the shares move between an approved borrower and lender in a regulated securities lending transaction, or (iii) the proceeds are reinvested in the same year in shares of the same or other Nigerian companies, with tax accruing proportionately on the unreinvested part. Source: https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf

Private residence: NTA s.51 exempts a dwelling-house, or part of one, and land other than commercial land immediately adjoining it up to one acre, but s.51(2) provides: 'The exemption under this section shall be enjoyed once in the lifetime of an individual.' Section 51(3) requires apportionment where only part of a dwelling, or a building used partly as a dwelling and partly for a trade, is disposed of. Sources: https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf; https://web.archive.org/web/20210303150451/https://www.firs.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Capital-Gains-Tax-Act.pdf

Section 163 exemptions: NTA s.163(1) exempts, among other items, (b) 'dividend distributed by authorised collective investment scheme', (c) a real estate investment company's dividend or rental income distributed to shareholders where not less than 75% is distributed within 12 months (with carve-outs for the shareholder and the manager's own account), and (n) 'income earned from bonds issued by a State or the Federal Government of Nigeria'. The research sheet also records an exemption for angel or venture-capital gains on startup disposals within 24 months, for which no subsection number was quoted. These are INCOME exemptions, not exemption of a disposal gain. Source: https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf

Crypto and virtual assets from 2026: NRS Information Circular No. 2026/21 (31 July 2026) taxes a resident individual's virtual-asset gains at the NTA PIT bands, imposes a 1% withholding tax on GROSS disposal proceeds for Categories 1, 3 and 5 (cryptocurrencies/exchange tokens, security/investment tokens, NFTs), imposes 1.5% stamp duty on TOKEN-to-FIAT and FIAT-to-TOKEN transfers (Ninth Schedule, item 33), states that the transfer of a virtual asset does not itself attract VAT (7.5% applies to VASP service fees), allows FIFO or an elected weighted-average cost, and provides that 'Capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely and set off only against future VA gains'. Source: https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/Guidelines_on_taxation_of_Virtual_Assets_31_7_26_7cd2ef8dab.pdf

Losses: NTA s.28(3)(b) allows 'the amount of loss incurred on the disposal of a chargeable asset' to be deducted in arriving at total income, but proviso (iv) ring-fences digital or virtual assets: 'any loss incurred in any period from sales, disposal or any other transaction in digital or virtual assets shall only be deductible against the profit or gain from digital or virtual assets.' The express indefinite carry-forward found is only for virtual assets (NRS Circular 2026/21, paragraph 9.4(7)); a non-digital capital-loss carry-forward for an individual is NOT SOURCED. Sources: https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf; https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/Guidelines_on_taxation_of_Virtual_Assets_31_7_26_7cd2ef8dab.pdf

Other edges: personal chattels are exempt where the consideration does not exceed NGN 5,000,000 or three times the annual national minimum wage, whichever is higher (s.52(1)); a motor vehicle used solely for private or non-profit purposes is not an asset, limited to two vehicles per individual per year (s.53); compensation for wrong or injury including loss of office is exempt to NGN 50,000,000 with only the excess chargeable (s.50); and a gift is not a chargeable gain (s.54). The minimum-wage limb of s.52(1) is not separately sourced. Source: https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf

Filing and payment: the NRS virtual-assets circular states gains are 'Self-assessed and paid by the taxpayer in accordance with the filing and payment provisions of the NTAA', with the 1% withholding deducted at source and any balance payable or refundable through the annual return. The full text of the Nigeria Tax Administration Act 2025 and the exact 2026 return section and deadline are NOT SOURCED. NTA s.26(3) is drafted so a 2026 year of assessment reports the immediately preceding year's disposals — the research sheet flags the duplicated wording as a probable drafting error; the calculator applies each regime by the disposal date. Sources: https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf; https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/Guidelines_on_taxation_of_Virtual_Assets_31_7_26_7cd2ef8dab.pdf